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#GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR OCTAVIANUS FULL#
Julia and Agrippa’s third son, on the other hand, was purportedly full of rage and sent into exile. Augustus adopted and helped raise the two older boys, Gaius and Lucius, only to see the first die at age 23 after being wounded in Armenia and the second die at age 19 after contracting an unknown disease in Gaul. Next, Augustus turned to Agrippa, his friend and general, who, though 25 years older than Julia, produced three sons and two daughters with her. But Marcellus fell ill and died a couple of years later around age 21. He focused his early attentions on his nephew Marcellus, whom he married off to Julia in 25 B.C. With no son of his own, Augustus spent considerable time and energy trying to cultivate a successor. His potential heirs kept mysteriously dying. Augustus likewise banished his granddaughter for alleged adultery, though in both cases historians believe additional factors may have been in play. Although he later allowed her to transfer to a less-isolated locale, he never saw her again. that his only child, Julia, had been sleeping out of wedlock with numerous influential men, including Mark Antony’s son, he banished her to the rocky island of Ventotene. He sent his own daughter into exile.Ī proponent of traditional values, Augustus built and refurbished myriad temples during his reign, encouraged marriage and childbirth, and criminalized adultery despite allegedly being wildly unfaithful himself. On the calendar, it followed July (formerly Quintilis), which had recently been renamed in honor of Julius Caesar. During that month, the Senate purportedly explained in its decree, Augustus had first become consul and had won his final victory over Antony and Cleopatra. to rename the month of Sextilis after Augustus.
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With Rome in an era of relative peace and prosperity, the Senate voted in 8 B.C. When the Military Expelled LGBTQ Soldiers With 'Blue Discharges' 5. To add insult to injury, Augustus ordered that Antony’s heir be killed, along with a son that Cleopatra had with Caesar. Though Antony and Cleopatra escaped to Egypt, the majority of their soldiers surrendered, and they both ended up committing suicide as Augustus closed in on them. In the civil war that followed, Augustus blockaded Antony’s force off the western coast of Greece. The final break came in 32 B.C., when Augustus used an illicitly obtained copy of Antony’s will to rail against him and his high-profile mistress, the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. Neither marriage lasted, however, nor did the triumvirate. Meanwhile, in order to solidify the alliance, Antony married Augustus’ sister, and Augustus married Antony’s stepdaughter. As one of their first orders of business, they teamed up to defeat Caesar’s assassins. He then entered into the so-called Second Triumvirate, in which he, Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus agreed to divide Rome’s territories between them. Upon winning his first battle against Antony, Augustus marched on Rome and was elected consul, the highest office of the Roman Republic. His sister married his fiercest rival.įollowing Caesar’s death, the teenage Augustus raised an army and went to war with Mark Antony, Caesar’s former deputy who likewise considered himself the conqueror’s political heir.